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Articles January-February 2025

TOP 50 Products in Global Pro Audio and Lighting New!

The year 2024 has seen a surge of groundbreaking innovations in pro audio and lighting. The PALM Expo Magazine Team presents the Top 50 Products of 2024, in no particular order, highlighting standout technologies across rental, install, studio, PA sound, and professional lighting in the Indian subcontinent. read more

Illuminating the Magnetic Fields Festival New!

The 10th anniversary of the Magnetic Fields Festival in Rajasthan showcased an immersive lighting design powered by Martin Lighting. read more


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Projection Mapping

Like every industry, mapping Industry also has its own set of “hard to understand” terms. PALM Technology is presenting an exhaustive list of Glossary used in projection mapping along with concise definitions of the technical terms, to aid in better understanding mapping concepts.


3D Projection Mapping: Also known as augmented reality, it is the art of creating projected visual effects, by altering and distorting content, to fit on not only smooth surfaces, but three-dimensional objects like buildings, screens, cars etc. The projection can be static or dynamic.

3D visualization: The process of creating computer-based video content for stimulating a lighting project, leading to a realistic impression.

Architectural Mapping: Projection mapping on exteriors such as buildings, containing content designed to highlight the building’s architectural features like outlining windows, bricks, etc.

Activation: A commonly used event industry term to describe projection mapping displays/installations.

Beamer: Slang for projector.

Cartography: Cartography or mapping is defined as the mediation and visualization of spatial information for different media with digital and analog technologies.

Content: The ideas or media being projected during a mapping display.

Content, Abstract: Also referred to as “stock effects” or “filler effects”, it is visual content not specially designed for a particular surface.

Design Surface: The area covered by the design during a projection mapping.

DMX / DMX512: A Digital Multiplex, it is the standard used for traditional lighting effects. Projection mapping software can be integrated into a DMX512 “universe” to coordinate visuals to lighting.

Digital Visual Interface: Frequently called DVI, it is a common kind of HD-ready connection and cable used in projection, mostly used in professional applications.

Edge Blending: Also called Blending Technology, it is a technology which lets you project an image onto a surface using multiple projectors, if one projector is not efficient to cover the screen size, without creating an overlap effect. This can be achieved with the help of projectors which are equipped with edge blending function or by using special software that allows this effect.

Fog Projection: Projecting on an indoor or outdoor screen made of fog, to create a 3 dimensional effect.

Globe Projection: Projecting an image onto a spherical object, to create a three-dimensional visual highlight without image distortion.

HDMI: A common kind of High-Definition Multimedia Interface used in projection.

Imagery: An interplay of shapes and colors, to create or convey a new perspective.

Interactive Projection: An interactive projection wherein a floor, a wall, or even a table becomes an experimental area allowing the viewer to interact with the projection as an active moving part of the installation.

Large Venue Projector: A broad term used to describe high-brightness projectors, generally over 12,000 lumens in brightness. The three most common brands of projectors used in large venue applications are manufactured by Christie, Barco, and Panasonic.

Large-screen Projection: A projection in image sizes of up to even 100 meters using ultra-bright projectors.

Lumens: A standard measurement of projector brightness. An average projector is ~3,000 lumens. Most large-venue projectors used in projection mapping are 20,000 lumens or brighter.

Media Server: A stand-alone projection mapping system which includes a mapping software and for content mapping and is designed for consistent playback. Can also refer to a computer optimized for playback of video content in high resolution. Its main parameters are: powerful graphic card and corresponding digital connections for video output.

Mapping Display: Usually refers to a one-time projection mapping show.

Mapping Software: A software that can create mapping effects by altering and distorting projection content in real time.

MIDI: MIDI or Musical Instrument Digital Interface is a kind of digital interface that allows external “controllers”, such as piano keyboards or lighting consoles, to interact with projection mapping software.

Projector: The equipment that projects images onto a surface with rays of light. A projector includes its own light source, an imaging plane and a lens that allows the imaging plane to be sharply displayed on the screen.

Projection Mapping Installation: A mapping display intended and designed for semi-permanent or permanent application and use.

Projection Template: An object located in a projector and displayed on to a projection surface.

Resolution: Refers to the number of pixels that compose an image. The number of pixels affects the image sharpness or level of detail of the image perception. Higher the resolution, sharper the image.

Scaler: A standalone device used to convert unusual video signals in a signal flow.

Screen Gain: Refers to the measurement of the screen’s brightness when projected upon. Higher gain screens offer better brightness, while lower gain screens offer better image fidelity.

Short Throw Projector: A projector with a lens designed to be used short distance from a projection surface and normally creates a much larger projected image than other projectors at the same distance.

Surface: The body that is being projected onto during a projection mapping display. This can include buildings, screens, objects, etc.

Spatial Augmented Reality: Refers to projection mapping. Due to use of 3D surfaces, the projection seems to be an “augmentation” of physical space.

Throw Ratio: The measurement of the width of a projector’s image.

VGA: VGA or Video Graphics Array is an outdated cable used for older model projectors and cannot carry HD images.

Video Mapping: Refers to projection mapping.

VJ: Refers to a Video Jockey who mixes video sources in real time to create a new kind of show staging. Projection mapping using 2D and 3D elements is a key part of the sets of Modern VJ’s.

Window Treatment: A surface treatment applied to glass windows to allow them to be used as a projection surface, which is not possible otherwise.


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